Europe’s extreme weather is no longer just an environmental problem. The Modern Diplomacy analysis argues that wildfires, floods, droughts and heatwaves are becoming a direct threat to public budgets – and governments are still treating them too much like one-off emergencies.

The EU’s new Migration and Asylum Pact was supposed to show that Europe had finally built a tougher, clearer and more predictable system. Then Ceuta happened. The EPC analysis argues that the Spanish enclave has become the first real stress test of the post-Pact era – and the early signs are not reassuring.

NATO is preparing for war with Russia, but CEPA warns that one of the Alliance’s biggest vulnerabilities sits outside the traditional battlefield. Europe’s ports, railways, energy grids, undersea cables, pipelines, satellite links and digital networks are now part of deterrence – and too many remain exposed.

Greece is no longer just buying French weapons. The ISDP brief argues that Athens is becoming a test case for Europe’s defence pillar – a country using French arms, French political guarantees and deeper industrial cooperation to build deterrence in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Europe is safer than it was during the 2022 gas panic – but TEPSA warns that safer does not mean secure. The EU has cut Russian gas, diversified suppliers, filled storage more professionally and accelerated clean-energy deployment. That is real progress.

Germany says it wants to build Europe’s strongest conventional army. The World Politics Review analysis warns that Berlin is still nowhere near proving it can turn that promise into soldiers, units and real wartime capacity.

Germany has published the first military strategy in the Bundeswehr’s history – and the FPRI analysis treats it as both a milestone and a warning. Berlin is finally admitting that Russia is the central threat, that territorial defence is back, and that Germany must become a serious military actor at the heart of NATO.